Here are the correct answers to each of the questions:
Question 1: According to the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern? Answer: Potassium
Question 2: Jamal is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water? Answer: FDA
Question 3: ________ must be added to refined grains during the grain enrichment process. Answer: Iron
Question 4: Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of ________ ions. Answer: sodium and chloride
Question 5: Young women who ________ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who do not have this characteristic. Answer: smoke cigarettes
Question 6: Mario is concerned about the safety of his home’s tap water, which is conveyed by pipes from a public source in his community. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his tap water? Answer: EPA
Question 7: Aldosterone is a hormone that helps the body conserve water. Answer: True
Question 8: Which of the following statements about bottled water in the United States is true? Answer: Bottled water must be in sealed containers and have no added ingredients, except an agent that prevents the growth of microbes.
Question 9: Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily, mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements. He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements, and he eats very few fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and grains. Based on this information, Foster’s diet lacks ________. Answer: potassium
Question 10: Mariyah loves leafy green salads. Which of the following foods should she add to the salads to increase their calcium content? Answer: Raw, shredded bok choy
Question 11: Electrolytes are ions that conduct electricity. Answer: True
Question 12: Which of the following foods is not a good source of magnesium? Answer: White bread
Question 13: A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral? Answer: Trace mineral
Question 14: Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight? Answer: Tomato
Question 15: When the concentration of ________ in tissue fluid is too high, intracellular water moves into the extracellular fluid compartment. Answer: sodium ions
Question 16: Which of the following foods is not a good source of potassium? Answer: Corn oil
Question 17: Which of the following foods is the richest source of bioavailable calcium per one cup serving? Answer: Plain yogurt
Question 18: Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of ________ ions. Answer: potassium
Question 19: Which of the following statements is true? Answer: A blood pressure reading of 135/85 mm Hg is in the stage 1 hypertension range.
Question 20: In the United States, ________ have a high risk of hypertension. Answer: people who are 65 years of age and older
Question 21: Urine that is darker than normal may be sign of dehydration. Answer: True
Question 22: Parathyroid hormone ________. Answer: enhances the body’s ability to retain calcium
Question 23: Dehydration can cause ________. Answer: death
Question 24: ________ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes. Answer: Chromium
Question 25: The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ________ mineral. Answer: trace
Question 26: The body loses water daily through the ________. Answer: lungs
Question 27: Hemoglobin is the magnesium-containing component of red blood cells. Answer: False
Question 28: Which of the following blood pressure values is normal? Answer: 114/70 mm Hg
Question 29: Which of the following statements is true? Answer: Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism.
Question 30: Dominic has a family history of hypertension. According to the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes (CDRR) for sodium, Dominic should lower or maintain his sodium intake to below ________ mg/day to reduce his risk of chronic disease, including hypertension. Answer: 2300
Question 31: Osteoporosis is characterized by ________. Answer: loss of bone mass and structure
Question 32: Which of the following statements is true? Answer: Most healthy young people can use thirst as a guide to knowing when to drink water.
Question 33: Marcus has iron deficiency. He should consider including ________ in his diet, because it is a good source of heme iron. Answer: chicken liver
Question 34: Which of the following foods is a good source of nonheme iron, but very little of the mineral is absorbed by the human intestinal tract? Answer: Spinach
Question 35: Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance? Answer: Aldosterone
Question 36: Mary is a 58-year-old postmenopausal woman. In the past three years, she lost 2 inches in height and broke her wrist. Based on this information, Mary’s physician should test her for ________. Answer: osteoporosis
Question 37: A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral? Answer: Major mineral
Question 38: Hyperthermia occurs when the body’s ________. Answer: temperature is too high
Question 39: ________ is a major source of sodium and chloride in the typical American’s diet. Answer: Processed food
Question 40: Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency. As a result of the deficiency, she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with ________. Answer: cretinism
Question 41: Which of the following groups of people has the highest risk of magnesium deficiency? Answer: Alcoholic men
Question 42: Samantha is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients? Answer: The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and into the watery portion of the soup.
Question 43: Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of ________. Answer: sodium
Question 44: In general, a woman’s risk of osteoporosis increases after menopause. Answer: True
Question 45: Marty has hemochromatosis. Which of the following supplements should he avoid taking? Answer: Iron
Question 46: For humans, sulfur is a trace mineral. Answer: False
Question 47: In the United States, copper deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. Answer: False
Question 48: Which of the following statements is false? Answer: Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.
Question 49: Intracellular fluid is the fluid that surrounds cells and is in the plasma component of the bloodstream. Answer: False
Question 50: Iodine is necessary for ________. Answer: maintaining normal thyroid function
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